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The glacier visible at the head of the valley is the last remnant of the formerly much more extensive glacier which carved it. U-shaped valley with lake in Myklebustdalen, Nordfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. U-shaped valleys, also called trough valleys or glacial troughs, are formed by the process of glaciation.
If the glacial action erodes through, a spillway (or col) forms; Horn: a sharp peak connecting multiple glacier intersections, made up of multiple arêtes. Valley step: an abrupt change in the longitudinal slope of a glacial valley; Hanging Valleys: Formed by glacial meltwater eroding the land partially, often accompanied by a waterfall. [2]
A glacier that fills a valley is called a valley glacier, or alternatively, an alpine glacier or mountain glacier. [9] A large body of glacial ice astride a mountain, mountain range, or volcano is termed an ice cap or ice field. [10] Ice caps have an area less than 50,000 km 2 (19,000 sq mi) by definition.
A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains and typically containing a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacial ice.
Glacier morphology, or the form a glacier takes, is influenced by temperature, precipitation, topography, and other factors. [1] The goal of glacial morphology is to gain a better understanding of glaciated landscapes and the way they are shaped. [2] Types of glaciers can range from massive ice sheets, such as the Greenland ice sheet, to small ...
a glacial meltwater valley, the Urstromtal, through which meltwaters from the glacier flowed away. The term "glacial series" is restricted to landforms created by glaciers and classified by geomorphological rules, as opposed to the glacial sediments and sedimentary rocks associated with glaciers and classified by their geological features. A ...
A hanging valley is a tributary valley that is higher than the main valley and was created by tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. The shallower valley appears to be 'hanging' above the main valley or a fjord. Often, waterfalls form at or near the outlet of the upper valley. [15]
Glaciology (from Latin glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice. Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology ...