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An enamel fracture is when the outermost layer of the tooth is cracked, without damaging the inner layers including the dentine or pulp. This can happen from trauma such as a fall where the teeth are impacted by a hard object causing a chip to occur. Enamel fracture of tooth 11 on the incisal, biting, surface
Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are fully removed from the back of the throat. [1] The procedure is mainly performed for recurrent tonsillitis , throat infections and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). [ 1 ]
If available, tooth fragment can be bonded back onto the tooth If not available, tooth can be restored with composite resin 6–8 weeks: clinical and radiographic examination 1 year: clinical and radiographic examination 3) Enamel-dentine fracture Fracture involving both enamel and dentine without pulp exposure
Mandibular fracture is a rare complication of third molar removal, and may occur during the procedure or afterwards. [40] With respect to trauma patients, roughly 10% have some sort of facial fracture, the majority of which come from motor vehicle collisions.
Commonly injured facial bones include the nasal bone (the nose), the maxilla (the bone that forms the upper jaw), and the mandible (the lower jaw). The mandible may be fractured at its symphysis, body, angle, ramus, and condyle. [4] The zygoma (cheekbone) and the frontal bone (forehead) are other sites for fractures. [13]
Such tooth avulsion was the intentional removal of one or more teeth, which was done for ritual or aesthetic reasons. It was also used to denote group affiliation. Typically, the maxillary incisors were the teeth most often selected for removal. This practice is still common in parts of Africa. [48]
[10]: 24 The term is falling into disfavor and has given way to the more generalized description of fractures and cracks of the tooth, which allows for the wide variations in signs, symptoms, and prognosis for traumatized teeth. A fracture of a tooth can involve the enamel, dentin, and/or pulp, and can be orientated horizontally or vertically.
Occlusal trauma; Secondary occlusal trauma on X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, the lower left first premolar and canine. As the remnants of a once full complement of 16 lower teeth, these two teeth have been alone in opposing the forces associated with mastication for some time, as can be evidenced by the widened PDL surrounding the premolar.