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Biodiversity is commonly measured in terms of taxonomic richness of a geographic area over a time interval. In order to calculate biodiversity, species evenness, species richness, and species diversity are to be obtained first. Species evenness[ 181 ] is the relative number of individuals of each species in a given area.
Biology is the scientific study of life. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes , which can be transmitted to future ...
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
Ligation (molecular biology) A sticky end ligation. Ligation is the joining of two nucleotides, or two nucleic acid fragments, into a single polymeric chain through the action of an enzyme known as a ligase. The reaction involves the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl terminus of one nucleotide and the 5'-phosphoryl ...
Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. External symmetry can be easily seen by just looking at an organism. For example, the face of a human being has a plane of symmetry down its centre, or a pine cone displays a clear symmetrical spiral pattern.
CCMB Hyderabad India. The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (Hindi: कोशिकीय एवं आण्विक जीवविज्ञान केंद्र, IAST: Kośikīya evam āṇavik jīvavijñāna kendra) or CCMB is an Indian fundamental life science research establishment located in Hyderabad that operates under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial ...
Cleavage (embryo) In embryology, cleavage is the division of cells in the early development of the embryo, following fertilization. [1] The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant overall growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called ...
Physical mapping. Physical map is a technique used in molecular biology to find the order and physical distance between DNA base pairs by DNA markers. [1] It is one of the gene mapping techniques which can determine the sequence of DNA base pairs with high accuracy. Genetic mapping, another approach of gene mapping, can provide markers needed ...