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  2. French orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography

    French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.

  3. Reforms of French orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforms_of_French_orthography

    Spelling and punctuation before the 16th century was highly erratic, but the introduction of printing in 1470 provoked the need for uniformity.. Several Renaissance humanists (working with publishers) proposed reforms in French orthography, the most famous being Jacques Peletier du Mans who developed a phonemic-based spelling system and introduced new typographic signs (1550).

  4. Middle French - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_French

    Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th century. [1][2] It is a period of transition during which: the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th ...

  5. Jacques Pelletier du Mans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Pelletier_du_Mans

    While maintaining the original system of the French mathematician Nicolas Chuquet (1484) for the names of large numbers, Jacques Pelletier promoted milliard for 10 12 which had been used earlier by Budaeus. In the late 17th century, milliard was subsequently reduced to 10 9. This convention is used widely in long scale countries.

  6. Phonological history of French - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of_French

    t. e. French exhibits perhaps the most extensive phonetic changes (from Latin) of any of the Romance languages. Similar changes are seen in some of the northern Italian regional languages, such as Lombard or Ligurian. Most other Romance languages are significantly more conservative phonetically, with Spanish, Italian, and especially Sardinian ...

  7. Jean Racine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Racine

    Jean-Baptiste Racine (/ r æ ˈ s iː n / rass-EEN, US also / r ə ˈ s iː n / rə-SEEN; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʁasin]; 22 December 1639 – 21 April 1699) was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France, along with Molière and Corneille as well as an important literary figure in the Western tradition and world literature.

  8. Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

    By the mid-18th century the French Enlightenment had found a focus in the project of the Encyclopédie. [24] The philosophical movement was led by Voltaire and Rousseau, who argued for a society based upon reason rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and ...

  9. 17th-century French literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th-century_French_literature

    t. e. 17th-century French literature was written throughout the Grand Siècle of France, spanning the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de' Medici, Louis XIII of France, the Regency of Anne of Austria (and the civil war called the Fronde) and the reign of Louis XIV of France. The literature of this period is often equated with ...