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In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson ' box ', from Italian cassone ' large box ', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure. [1] It is used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ...
Also called caissons, drilled shafts, drilled piers, cast-in-drilled-hole piles (CIDH piles) or cast-in-situ piles, a borehole is drilled into the ground, then concrete (and often some sort of reinforcing) is placed into the borehole to form the pile. Rotary boring techniques allow larger diameter piles than any other piling method and permit ...
Screw foundations first appeared in the 1800s as pile foundations for lighthouses, [4] and were extensively used for piers in harbours. Between the 1850s through 1890s, more than 100 screw-pile lighthouses were erected on the east coast of the United States using screw piles.
The caisson provides buoyancy during construction and towing and acts also as a foundation structure in the operation phase. Furthermore, the caisson could be used as storage volume for oil or other liquids. [1] Floating units may be held in position by anchored wires or chains in a spread mooring pattern.
The use of segmental lining installed by underpinning or caisson sunk to form a circular shaft; Incremental excavation with a shotcrete circular or elliptical lining; Incremental excavation supported by shotcrete, rock bolts, cable anchors and steel sets or ribs; Shafts can be sunk either dry or for methods such as the caisson method they can ...
A DeLong pier is a type of elonged ersatz pier constructed from prefabricated barge-like sections and simple caissons driven into a harbor's seafloor. First used during the Vietnam War at Cam Ranh Bay , the DeLong pier was originally designed shortly after the Second World War by the DeLong Corporation, and a prototype was constructed not long ...
A water resources borehole into the chalk aquifer under the North Downs, England at Albury. Engineers and environmental consultants use the term borehole to collectively describe all of the various types of holes drilled as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental site assessment (a so-called Phase II ESA).
Suction caissons (also referred to as suction anchors, suction piles or suction buckets) are a form of fixed platform anchor in the form of an open bottomed tube embedded in the sediment and sealed at the top while in use so that lifting forces generate a pressure differential that holds the caisson down.