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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a university textbook on artificial intelligence, written by Patrick Henry Winston. It was first published in 1977, and the third edition of the book was released in 1992. [1] It was used as the course textbook for MIT course 6.034. [2]
The book's chapters span from classical AI topics like searching algorithms and first-order logic, propositional logic and probabilistic reasoning to advanced topics such as multi-agent systems, constraint satisfaction problems, optimization problems, artificial neural networks, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and computer vision. [7]
In 1950, Alan Turing, one of the founding fathers of computer science, developed a test for computer intelligence known as the Turing test. [29] In this test, a person can ask questions via a keyboard and a monitor without knowing whether his counterpart is a human or a computer.
The regulation of artificial intelligence is the development of public sector policies and laws for promoting and regulating AI; it is therefore related to the broader regulation of algorithms. [322] The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions globally. [ 323 ]
Throughout the book, it is suggested that each different tribe has the potential to contribute to a unifying "master algorithm". Towards the end of the book the author pictures a "master algorithm" in the near future, where machine learning algorithms asymptotically grow to a perfect understanding of how the world and people in it work. [1]
In computer science, a deterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, given a particular input, will always produce the same output, with the underlying machine always passing through the same sequence of states. Deterministic algorithms are by far the most studied and familiar kind of algorithm, as well as one of the most practical, since they ...
Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI planning, [1] is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles.
Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence within computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory. [1] In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine learning as a "field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed". [2]