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The earliest electronic systems available as factory installations were vacuum tube car radios, starting in the early 1930s.The development of semiconductors after World War II greatly expanded the use of electronics in automobiles, with solid-state diodes making the automotive alternator the standard after about 1960, and the first transistorized ignition systems appearing in 1963.
After extensive preparatory work, resulting in the "List of Loads in the Automobile of the Year 2005", various automotive electrical system architectures were compared using the tool "MAESTrO" (12 V, 12 V/24 V DC, 12 V/48 V DC and 12 V/60 V AC) in the September 1995 workshop at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT/LEES). The finding ...
A wiring diagram for parts of an electric guitar, showing semi-pictorial representation of devices arranged in roughly the same locations they would have in the guitar. An automotive wiring diagram, showing useful information such as crimp connection locations and wire colors. These details may not be so easily found on a more schematic drawing.
Most electronic systems have their circuits reference-linked to the chassis while the chassis itself is often, but not always, linked to the Earth. Motor vehicles Most motor vehicles use the chassis as the reference for all electrical peripherals which allow the use of only one wire for each accessory.
For example, a subway rapid transit electrical system is composed of the wayside electrical power supply, wayside control system, and the electrical systems of each transit car. Each transit car’s electrical system is a subsystem of the subway system. Inside of each transit car there are also subsystems, such as the car climate control system.
A 48 V system can provide more power, improve energy recuperation, [7] and allow up to an 85% decrease in cable mass. [10]12-volt systems can provide only 3.5 kilowatts, while a 48 V power could achieve 15 to 20 kW or even 50 kW. 48 volts is below the level that is considered safe in dry conditions without special protective measures. [11]
The main advantage of higher voltage is that electrical components can be made with less metal, saving weight and cost, and improving energy efficiency. As such an 48-volt electrical system has been introduced. Most modern systems, such as power windows, power seats, and power door locks, are electrically powered.
Spark plug wires (also called high tension leads) are electrical cables used by older internal combustion engines to transmit high-voltage electricity from the distributor to the spark plugs. Tension in this instance is a synonym for voltage. High tension may also be referred to as HT. [1]