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Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.129) is an enzyme used in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. It transfers a disaccharide-peptide from a donor substrate to synthesize a glycan chain. [1] This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases.
Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. [1] The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM).
Most glycosyltransferase enzymes form one of two folds: GT-A or GT-B. Glycosyltransferases (GTFs, Gtfs) are enzymes that establish natural glycosidic linkages.They catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar (also known as the "glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen- carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur ...
Human, [18] [58] mouse, [57] and porcine [75] PGLYRP2 are enzymes, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases, that hydrolyze the amide bond between the MurNAc and L-alanine, the first amino acid in the stem peptide in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. The minimal peptidoglycan fragment hydrolyzed by PGLYRP2 is MurNAc-tripeptide. [58]
Lipid II is the final intermediate in peptidoglycan synthesis. It is formed when the MurG transferase catalyzes addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to Lipid I, resulting in a complete disaccharide-pentapeptide monomer with a bactoprenol-pyrophosphate anchor. This occurs on the inside of the cytoplasmic membrane, where the bactoprenol chain ...
O-GlcNAcylation is the process of adding a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar to the serine or threonine of a protein. [4] Comparable to phosphorylation, addition or removal of N-acetylglucosamine is a means of activating or deactivating enzymes or transcription factors. [4]
Authorities have confirmed that the bear responsible for attacking a Pennsylvania man had rabies. A resident of the town of Jim Thorpe was “aggressively approached” by a black adult male bear ...
Transpeptidase may refer to: DD -Transpeptidase , a bacterial enzyme that cross-links the peptidoglycan chains to form rigid cell walls Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase , a liver enzyme