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According to the Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Quran to the Islamic prophet Muhammad began in 610 CE when the angel Gabriel (believed to have been sent by God) appeared to Muhammad (a trader in the Western Arabian city of Mecca, which had become a sanctuary for pagan deities and an important trading center) in the cave of Hira.
Sura al-Baqarah, verses 282–286, from an early Quranic manuscript written on vellum (mid-late 7th century CE). In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam's divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel).
His clan was known as the Banu Nasr or the Banu al-Ahmar. [7] According to later Granadan historian and vizier Ibn al-Khatib, the clan was descended from a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad known as Sa'd ibn Ubadah of the Banu Khazraj tribe; Sa'd's descendants migrated to Spain and settled in Arjona as farmers. [8]
The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
Tafsir ibn Kathir (Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim) by Ibn Kathir (1301—1373 CE/ 774 AH). A summary of the earlier interpretation by al-Tabari. Available online. [17] It has been summarized as Mukhtasar Tafsir Ibn Kathir in 3 volumes by Muhammad 'Ali As-Sabuni. [15]
The Quran speaks of a written pre-text that records God's speech before it is sent down, the "preserved tablet" that is the basis of the belief in fate also, and Muslims believe that the Quran was sent down or started to be sent down on the Laylat al-Qadr.
2023, Bangla, "Tarjamatul Quran" by Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib; 2023 Memoni, "Noor-Ul-Quran Al-Kareem" ‘‘نور القرآن الکریم ’’ Memoni translation of "Kanz-Ul-Iman" (in Urdu alphabets) by Muhammad Younus Ibrahim Chhotani. "Kanz-Ul-Iman" is an Urdu translation of Holy Quran by Aala Hazrat Ahmed Raza Khan barelvi. 2023.
The copy of the Quran is traditionally considered to be one of a group commissioned by the third caliph Uthman. According to Islamic tradition, in 651, 19 years after the death of the Islamic Prophet, Muhammad, Uthman commissioned a committee to produce a standard copy of the text of the Quran (see Origin and development of the Quran). [5]