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  2. Equal temperament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament

    12 tone equal temperament chromatic scale on C, one full octave ascending, notated only with sharps. Play ascending and descending ⓘ. An equal temperament is a musical temperament or tuning system that approximates just intervals by dividing an octave (or other interval) into steps such that the ratio of the frequencies of any adjacent pair of notes is the same.

  3. 53 equal temperament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53_equal_temperament

    If all these commas are exactly of the same size, there results an octave of 5 tones + 2 diatonic semitones, 5 × 9 + 2 × 4 = 53 equal commas. Holder [ 18 ] attributes the division of the octave in 53 equal parts to Nicholas Mercator , [ c ] who himself had proposed that ⁠ 1 / 53 ⁠ part of the octave be named the "artificial comma".

  4. 12 equal temperament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_equal_temperament

    12-tone equal temperament chromatic scale on C, one full octave ascending, notated only with sharps. Play ascending and descending ⓘ. 12 equal temperament (12-ET) [a] is the musical system that divides the octave into 12 parts, all of which are equally tempered (equally spaced) on a logarithmic scale, with a ratio equal to the 12th root of 2 (≈ 1.05946).

  5. Pentatonic scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentatonic_scale

    The first two phrases of the melody from Stephen Foster's "Oh! Susanna" are based on the major pentatonic scale [1]. A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five notes per octave, in contrast to heptatonic scales, which have seven notes per octave (such as the major scale and minor scale).

  6. Standard tuning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_tuning

    The most popular bowed strings used nowadays belong to the violin family; together with their respective standard tunings, they are: Violin – G 3 D 4 A 4 E 5 (ascending perfect fifths, starting from G below middle C) Viola – C 3 G 3 D 4 A 4 (a perfect fifth below a violin's standard tuning) Cello – C 2 G 2 D 3 A 3 (an octave lower than ...

  7. Stringed instrument tunings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stringed_instrument_tunings

    (The 'A' above Middle C would then be written as "A 4"; the next higher octave begins on "C 5"; the next lower octave on "C 3"; etc.) [4] Because stringed instruments are easily re-tuned, the concept of a "standard tuning" is somewhat flexible. Some instruments: have a designated standard tuning (e.g., violin; guitar)

  8. Perfect fifth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_fifth

    The just perfect fifth can be heard when a violin is tuned: if adjacent strings are adjusted to the exact ratio of 3:2, the result is a smooth and consonant sound, and the violin sounds in tune. Keyboard instruments such as the piano normally use an equal-tempered version of the perfect fifth, enabling the instrument to play in all keys.

  9. Musical temperament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_temperament

    [citation needed] Furthermore, every interval created by two sustained tones creates a third tone, called a differential (or resultant) tone. This third tone is equal to the lower pitch subtracted from the higher pitch. This third tone then creates intervals with the original two tones, and the difference between these is called a second ...