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2. Parshall flume - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parshall_flume

   Parshall flumes (right) alongside other types of flow meters. The Parshall flume is an open channel flow-metering device that was developed to measure the flow of surface water and irrigation flow.

3. Flow measurement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement

   Open channel flow describes cases where flowing liquid has a top surface open to the air; the cross-section of the flow is only determined by the shape of the channel on the lower side, and is variable depending on the depth of liquid in the channel. Techniques appropriate for a fixed cross-section of flow in a pipe are not useful in open channels.

4. Palmer-Bowlus Flume - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer-Bowlus_Flume

   The general design of the flume detailed in ASTM D5390: Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water with Palmer-Bowlus Flumes. [2] It is important to note that unlike the Parshall flume , the standard for the flume does not set out specific sizes and flow rates, but only general characteristics for the class of flume.

5. Ultrasonic flow meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_flow_meter

   Schematic view of a flow sensor. An ultrasonic flow meter is a type of flow meter that measures the velocity of a fluid with ultrasound to calculate volume flow. Using ultrasonic transducers, the flow meter can measure the average velocity along the path of an emitted beam of ultrasound, by averaging the difference in measured transit time between the pulses of ultrasound propagating into and ...

6. Level sensor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_sensor

   They are also widely used in water treatment applications for pump control and open channel flow measurement. The sensors emit high frequency (20 kHz to 200 kHz) acoustic waves that are reflected back to and detected by the emitting transducer. [3]

7. Current meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_meter

   The devices are usually equipped with additional optional sensors. Travel time instruments determine water velocity by at least two acoustic signals, one up stream and one down stream. By precisely measuring the time to travel from the emitter to the receiver, in both directions, the average water speed can be determined between the two points.