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  2. Lower Yangtze Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin

    The relationship of the Lower Yangtze Mandarin varieties to other varieties of Chinese has been an ongoing subject of debate. One quantitative study from the late 20th century by linguist Chin-Chuan Cheng focused on vocabulary lists, yielding the result that Eastern dialects of Jianghuai cluster with the Xiang and Gan varieties, whilst Northern and Southern Mandarin, despite being supposedly ...

  3. Tong-Tai Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong-Tai_Mandarin

    Tong–Tai (Chinese: 通泰), also known as Tai–Ru (Chinese: 泰如), is a group of Lower Yangtze Mandarin dialects spoken in the east-central part of Jiangsu province in the prefecture-level cities of Nantong (formerly Tongzhou) and Taizhou. The alternative name refers to the county-level city of Rugao within Nantong.

  4. Han Chinese subgroups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups

    The Jianghuai people distribute in the Jianghuai region between the Yangtze river (Jiang, 江) and the Huai river (淮) in central Anhui and central Jiangsu. The Lower Yangtze Mandarin or the Jianghuai Mandarin is distinctive from other Mandarin dialects. The main dialects of the language is the Nanjing dialect.

  5. Mandarin Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese

    我 wǒ I 给 gěi give 你 nǐ you 一本 yìběn a 书 shū book [我給你一本書] 我 给 你 一本 书 wǒ gěi nǐ yìběn shū I give you a book In southern dialects, as well as many southwestern and Lower Yangtze dialects, the objects occur in the reverse order. Most varieties of Chinese use post-verbal particles to indicate aspect, but the particles used vary. Most Mandarin ...

  6. Zhangjiagang - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangjiagang

    In Zhangjiagang, Mandarin is the official language. Zhangjiagang dialect is a sub-dialect of the broader Jianghuai Mandarin (Lower Yangtze Mandarin), which is spoken in the surrounding region. [16] This dialect is characterized by its distinctive pronunciation and vocabulary, which differ from the standard Mandarin Chinese. It contains a total ...

  7. Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(late_imperial...

    The standard language of the Ming and early Qing, when it was based on lower Yangtze dialects, is sometimes called Middle Mandarin. [ 6 ] In 1375, the Hongwu Emperor commissioned a dictionary known as the Hóngwǔ Zhèngyùn ( 洪武正韻 ) intended to give a standard pronunciation.

  8. Written vernacular Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_vernacular_Chinese

    Lower Yangtze Mandarin formed the standard for written vernacular Chinese, until it was displaced by the Beijing dialect during the late Qing. Baihua (白话; 'plain speech') was used by writers across China regardless of their local spoken dialect. Writers used Lower Yangtze and Beijing grammar and vocabulary in order to make their writing ...

  9. Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Dictionary_of_Modern...

    The individual dictionaries cover dialects spread across the dialect groups identified in the Language Atlas of China: [1] [2] [3] Mandarin. Northeastern Mandarin: Harbin dialect; Ji–Lu Mandarin: Jinan dialect; Jiao–Liao Mandarin: Muping dialect; Central Plains Mandarin: Luoyang dialect, Wanrong dialect, Xi'an dialect, Xining dialect ...

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