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According to German tradition of Indology this text was likely composed around the 2nd century CE. [3] Indications of the relative lateness of the text include numerous quotations from the Sutta and Vinaya Pitaka , as well as an assumed familiarity with a variety of Buddhist legends and stories- for example, the names of various arahants are ...
Sinhala idioms (Sinhala: රූඩි, rūḍi) and colloquial expressions that are widely used to communicate figuratively, as with any other developed language.This page also contains a list of old and popular Sinhala proverbs, which are known as prastā piruḷu (ප්රස්තා පිරුළු) in Sinhala.
All the names appear appropriate to the nomadic tradition. His father's name means 'possessing gray horses' (with the word aspa meaning 'horse'), while his mother's means 'milkmaid'. According to the tradition, he had four brothers, two older and two younger, whose names are given in much later Pahlavi work. [66]
Zarathustra was known as a sage, magician and miracle-worker in post-Classical Western culture, though almost nothing was known of his ideas until the late eighteenth century. By this time his name was associated with lost ancient wisdom and was appropriated by Freemasons and other groups who claimed access to such knowledge.
The ordination is considered to be invalid, if the upasampada-kamma (high-ordination procedure) was not done properly according to the texts. Ancient forest monks were considered to be well aware of this and have been protecting the validity of upasampada in the main three Theravada countries up until the period of Amarapura forest monks in Burma.
The Common translation remained widely accepted until more critical translations, titled Thus Spoke Zarathustra, were published by Walter Kaufmann in 1954, [28] and R.J. Hollingdale in 1961. [ 29 ] Clancy Martin states the German text from which Hollingdale and Kaufmann worked was untrue to Nietzsche's own work in some ways.
The Gathas (/ ˈ ɡ ɑː t ə z,-t ɑː z /) [1] are 17 hymns in the Avestan language from the Zoroastrian oral tradition of the Avesta. The oldest surviving text fragment dates from 1323 CE, [ 2 ] but they are believed by scholars to have been composed before 1000 BCE and passed down orally for centuries.
According to the Theravāda tradition, samatha refers to techniques that help to calm the mind. Samatha is thought to be developed by samādhi , interpreted by the Theravāda commentatorial tradition as concentration-meditation, the ability to rest the attention on a single object of perception.