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Social polarization is the segregation within a society that emerges when factors such as income inequality, real-estate fluctuations and economic displacement result in the differentiation of social groups from high-income to low-income.
Pancasila Youth members (in black and orange camouflage service attire) in a Youth Pledge Day ceremony in Cirebon Regency, West Java. The Pancasila Youth (Indonesian: Pemuda Pancasila, PP) is an Indonesian far-right paramilitary organization established in 1959.
Political polarization (spelled polarisation in British English, Australian English, and New Zealand English) is the divergence of political attitudes away from the center, towards ideological extremes.
Single principle of Pancasila (Asas tunggal Pancasila) was a policy enacted by the New Order regime under President Soeharto starting 1983 compelling political parties and public organisations to declare the national ideology of "Pancasila, as their one and only ideological basis".
The ideal of Pancasila has not effectively translated into a functioning liberal democracy in Indonesia. Instead, Pancasila has become a symbol of Indonesian exceptionalism, embodying the nation's values and identity. Pancasila is open to abuse, which in this case was the invitation to criminalise all kinds of ideologies but Pancasila itself.
Nasakom (Indonesian: Nasionalisme, Agama, Komunisme), which stands for nationalism, religion and communism, was a political concept coined by President Sukarno.This concept prevailed in Indonesia from 1959 during the Guided Democracy Era until the New Order, in 1966.
Pancasila, a rather vague and generalist set of principles originally formulated by Sukarno in 1945, was vigorously promoted as a sacrosanct national ideology which represented the ancient wisdom of the Indonesian people even before the entry of foreign-based religions such as Hinduism or Islam.
A Pancasila economy can be considered an example of a mixed economy or a third way economic system. [ 2 ] A Pancasila economy is seen as a counterbalance to a neoclassical approach promoting individualism and free markets [ 3 ] that is adapted the values of Indonesian society, including religious values, culture, customs and norms.