Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The Hill equation reflects the occupancy of macromolecules: the fraction that is saturated or bound by the ligand. [1] [2] [nb 1] This equation is formally equivalent to the Langmuir isotherm. [3] Conversely, the Hill equation proper reflects the cellular or tissue response to the ligand: the physiological output of the system, such as muscle ...
The first description of cooperative binding to a multi-site protein was developed by A.V. Hill. [4] Drawing on observations of oxygen binding to hemoglobin and the idea that cooperativity arose from the aggregation of hemoglobin molecules, each one binding one oxygen molecule, Hill suggested a phenomenological equation that has since been named after him:
A ligand binding assay (LBA) is an assay, or an analytic procedure, which relies on the binding of ligand molecules to receptors, antibodies or other macromolecules. [1] A detection method is used to determine the presence and amount of the ligand-receptor complexes formed, and this is usually determined electrochemically or through a fluorescence detection method. [2]
Hill equation [ edit ] A simple and widely used model for molecular interactions is the Hill equation , which provides a way to quantify cooperative binding by describing the fraction of saturated ligand binding sites as a function of the ligand concentration.
Upon binding of an analyte to the ligand, the real-time kinetic rates (k on, k off) can be measured as changes in fluorescence intensity and the K d can be derived. This method can be used to investigate protein-protein interactions, as well as to investigate modulators of protein-protein interactions by assessing ternary complex formation.
Biological responses to ligand concentrations typically follow a sigmoidal function. The inflection point at which the increase in response with increasing ligand concentration begins to slow is the EC 50, which can be mathematically determined by derivation of the best-fit line. While relying on a graph for estimation is more convenient, this ...
The Hill equation can be used to describe dose–response relationships, for example ion channel-open-probability vs. ligand concentration. [9] Dose is usually in milligrams, micrograms, or grams per kilogram of body-weight for oral exposures or milligrams per cubic meter of ambient air for inhalation exposures. Other dose units include moles ...
Crystal structure of W741L mutant androgen receptor ligand-binding domain and ()-bicalutamide complex. [1] An example of a protein–ligand complex. A protein–ligand complex is a complex of a protein bound with a ligand [2] that is formed following molecular recognition between proteins that interact with each other or with other molecules.