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Rank was determined by merit, through the civil service examinations, and education became the key for social mobility. [2] After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the nine-rank system was established during the Three Kingdoms period. The concept of a merit system spread from China to British India during the 17th century, and then into continental ...
The competitive service is a part of the United States federal government civil service. Applicants for jobs in the competitive civil service must compete with other applicants in open competition under the merit system administered by the Office of Personnel Management , unlike applicants in the excepted service and Senior Executive Service .
This is the least effective of the four strategies. It is without direction or focus. Miles, Snow et al. (1978) have identified three reasons why organizations become reactors: Top management may not have clearly articulated the organization's strategy. Management does not fully shape the organization's structure and processes to fit a chosen ...
Strategic competition is a commitment within an organization or polity to make a very large change in competitive relationships. One of the main principles of strategic competition is that the response of an organization regarding another one's introduction of a new product defines the impact of such in the market.
Value-creating strategy. Strategic competitiveness is accomplished when a firm successfully integrates a value-creating strategy. [1] The key to having a complete value-creating strategy is to adopt a holistic approach that includes business strategy, financial strategy, technology strategy, marketing strategy and investor strategy. [2]
In marketing, promotion refers to any type of marketing communication used to inform target audiences of the relative merits of a product, service, brand or issue, persuasively. It helps marketers to create a distinctive place in customers' mind, it can be either a cognitive or emotional route.
Competitive analysis is an essential component of corporate strategy. [3] It is argued that most firms do not conduct this type of analysis systematically enough. Instead, many enterprises operate on what is called "informal impressions, conjectures, and intuition gained through the tidbits of information about competitors every manager ...
Porter's generic strategies detail the interaction between cost minimization strategies, product differentiation strategies, and market focus strategies of firms. [1] Michael Porter described an industry as having multiple segments that can be targeted by a firm. The breadth of its targeting refers to the competitive scope of the