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According to research in 2007, only 27% of Catholics in the Netherlands considered themselves theist; 55% were ietsist or agnostic deist and 17% were agnostic or atheist. Many Dutch people still affiliate with the term Catholic and use it within certain traditions as a basis of their cultural identity, rather than as a religious identity.
Despite having no state religion, the German government collects religious taxes for the constituents of several religions; the fee for leaving a religious body has been challenged by atheists. Some states, regardless of state endorsement of a religion, protect major religions against insult (which may include profession of atheism or criticism ...
In this way the pursuit of science leads to a religious feeling of a special sort, which is indeed quite different from the religiosity of someone more naive.” [43] Einstein characterized himself as "devoutly religious" in the following sense, "The most beautiful emotion we can experience is the mystical. It is the power of all true art and ...
Writers disagree on how best to define and classify atheism, [8] contesting what supernatural entities are considered gods, whether atheism is a philosophical position or merely the absence of one, and whether it requires a conscious, explicit rejection; however, the norm is to define atheism in terms of an explicit stance against theism.
The Church claimed that atheism was a religion and that they believed in "The Ten Commandments of Energy" as a sacred text. [3] [4] However, the court found that atheism was not a religion as it failed to meet the common law criteria to be religion and that worshipping energy did not count as belief in a Supreme Being or Deity. [2]
Considered one of the founding fathers of existentialism, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was a critic of Christian theology. [2] Arguing that morality itself is a human construct as opposed to the laws of nature, which are inherently morally neutral, Nietzsche divided morality into two types: slave morality and master morality. [ 3 ]
The vast majority of the (self-identifying) Catholic population in the Netherlands is now largely irreligious in practice. Research among Catholics in the Netherlands in 2007 shows that even among religious Dutch Catholics only 27% can be regarded as theist, 55% as ietsist, 17% as agnostic and 1% as atheist. [35]
Christian agnosticism is a theological position drawing influences from Christianity as well as agnosticism.Christian agnostics hold that it is difficult or impossible to be sure of anything beyond the basic tenets of the Christian faith.