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The Mesopotamian campaign or Mesopotamian front [9] (Turkish: Irak Cephesi) was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I fought between the Allies represented by the British Empire, troops from Britain, Australia and the vast majority from British Raj, against the Central Powers, mostly the Ottoman Empire.
On November 7, 1914, British troops began the march from Fao to Basra. [2] The Ottomans attacked the British camp at dawn on November 11, but were defeated. [1] The Ottomans prepared defensive positions at Saihan, and on November 15 the British attacked. The Ottomans were beaten, suffering 250 casualties and the British continued to advance. [3]
The siege of Kut Al Amara (7 December 1915 – 29 April 1916), also known as the first battle of Kut, was the besieging of an 8,000-strong British Army garrison in the town of Kut, 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad, by the Ottoman Army.
The Bastard War: The Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914–1918. New York: Dial Press. OCLC 2118235. Moberly, Frederick (2011). The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914–1918: History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. Vol. 1. Uckfield (East Sussex (Grande-Bretagne)): The Naval & Military Press. ISBN 9781845749422. Townshend, Charles (2011).
The British had captured Basra Vilayet near the start of the war in 1914, and had now taken the provincial capital of Baghdad Vilayet. Although good news for the British forces, this caused a great deal of bureaucratic fighting between the British government in London and the British government in India over how to manage the region.
The Bastard War: The Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914–1918. New York: Dial Press. Candler, Edmund (1919). The Long Road To Baghdad. Cassell and Company. Cato, Conrad (1917). The Navy in Mesopotamia 1914 to 1917. Constable and Company. Dane, Edmund (1919). British Campaigns In The Nearer East, 1914–1918. Hodder and Stoughton. Davis, Paul K. (1994).
During World War I, an invasion of the region was undertaken by British Empire forces and was known as the Mesopotamian campaign. Fighting commenced with the Battle of Basra in 1914 and continued for the duration of the war.
The Battle of Ctesiphon – Downloaded from The Long, Long Trail: The Story of the British Army in the Great War of 1914–1918. Retrieved August 16, 2005. Bruce, A. (n.d.). 22–25 November 1915 – The Battle of Ctesiphon. [Electronic Version] An Illustrated Companion to the First World War.