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As Kalûnga filled mbûngi, it created an invisible line that divided the circle in half. [7] The top half represents the physical world, or Ku Nseke, while the bottom half represents the spiritual world of the ancestors, known as Ku Mpèmba. The Kalûnga line separates these two worlds, and all living things exists on one side or another. [7]
There is confusion about the meaning of the word Kalunga or Calunga, which, despite the same sound, have totally different meanings: Kalunga – connected to religious beliefs, world of the ancestors, cult of the forefathers, from them came the force; Calunga – small or insignificant thing; a way to call Negros, a famous or important person.
The Kongo cosmogram (also called yowa or dikenga cross, Kikongo: dikenga dia Kongo or tendwa kia nza-n' Kongo) is a core symbol in Bakongo religion that depicts the physical world (Ku Nseke), the spiritual world (Ku Mpémba), the Kalûnga line that runs between the two worlds, the sacred river that forms a circle through the two worlds, the four moments of the sun, and the four elements.
Nzambi Mpungu was recorded as the name of the God of the Kongo people as early as the early 16th century by Portuguese who visited the Kingdom of Kongo. [1] [2]European missionaries along with Kongo intellectuals (including King Afonso I of Kongo) set out to render European Christian religious concepts into Kikongo and they chose this name to represent God.
Kongo Creation Story. According to researcher Molefi Kete Asante, "Another important characteristic of Bakongo cosmology is the Sun and its movements.The rising, peaking, setting, and absence of the Sun provide the essential pattern for Bakongo religious culture.
The Saya is a music and dance that originated in Los Yungas-Chicaloma Bolivia.The artform's name comes from the Kikongo term nsaya, which means communal work led by a singing voice, akin to a work song.
Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje; Filipino: Mahal na Birhen ng Kapayapaan at Mabuting Paglalakbay), [citation needed] also known as Our Lady of Antipolo and the Virgin of Antipolo (Filipino: Virgen ng Antipolo), is a seventeenth-century Roman Catholic wooden image of the Blessed Virgin Mary as venerated in the Philippines.
In the second hearing of the Organization of American States to analyze possible crimes against humanity in Venezuela, Major General Hebert García Plaza described Operation Tun Tun as an operation normally carried out at night, where a Bolivarian Intelligence Service commission visits the person and takes them away, possibly without an arrest warrant or issued by a Public Ministry prosecutor.