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Photonic topological phases are classical electromagnetic wave analogues of electronic topological phases studied in condensed matter physics. Similar to their electronic counterparts, they, can provide robust unidirectional channels for light propagation. [2] The field that studies these phases of light is referred to as topological photonics.
A topological insulator is an insulator for the same reason a "trivial" (ordinary) insulator is: there exists an energy gap between the valence and conduction bands of the material. But in a topological insulator, these bands are, in an informal sense, "twisted", relative to a trivial insulator. [4]
A tin-based perovskite solar cell (TPSCs) is a special type of perovskite solar cell, based on a tin perovskite structure (ASnX 3, where 'A' is a monovalent organic or inorganic cation (e.g., formamidinium (FA⁺), methylammonium (MA⁺), or cesium (Cs⁺)), tin is in its Sn (II) oxidation state and 'X' is a monovalent halogen anion (I⁻, Br⁻, Cl⁻) [1] [2] [3].
The q-plate with topological charge q can generate a charge vortex based on the input beam polarization. [8] [9] An s-plate is a similar technology to a q-plate, using a high-intensity UV laser to permanently etch a birefringent pattern into silica glass with an azimuthal variation in the fast axis with topological charge of s. Unlike a q-plate ...
Pages in category "Photonics" The following 109 pages are in this category, out of 109 total. ... Photonic radar; Photonic topological insulator; Photonic-crystal ...
Crystal structure of CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 perovskites (X=I, Br and/or Cl). The methylammonium cation (CH 3 NH 3 +) is surrounded by PbX 6 octahedra. [13]The name "perovskite solar cell" is derived from the ABX 3 crystal structure of the absorber materials, referred to as perovskite structure, where A and B are cations and X is an anion.
The massless fermions lead to various quantum Hall effects, magnetoelectric effects in topological materials, and ultra high carrier mobility. [10] [11] Dirac cones were observed in 2008-2009, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on the potassium-graphite intercalation compound KC 8 [12] and on several bismuth-based alloys ...
The subwavelength periodicity [2] distinguishes photonic metamaterials from photonic band gap or photonic crystal structures. The cells are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength, [3] [4] are on the order of nanometers. [3] [4] [5]