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Cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum.The word is from Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kryptos) ' hidden ' and ὄρχις (orchis) ' testicle '.
In cryptorchidism a diagnosis is made from a physical examination which is performed when the baby is lacking one or both testes in the dependant portion of the scrotal sac. 70% of cryptorchid testes can be felt and are unable to be pulled into the scrotum or retreat quickly after being pulled into a higher position. In 30% of cases the testes ...
One testicle not descending into the scrotum during normal embryonic or fetal development (3–4% of 'normal' live births), also known as undescended testis or cryptorchidism. In this case the testis is within the abdominal cavity, somewhere along the normal route of descent – most commonly, within the inguinal canal .
A ridgling (also spelled ridgeling), [1] or rig, is a cryptorchid; [2] a male animal with one or both testicles undescended, [1] usually describing a ram, bull, or male horse, [3] but cryptorchidism also can be an issue in dogs and cats. [4] Because the heat inside the body is too high for sperm to survive, an undescended testicle is non ...
Almost all invasive germ cell tumours of the testis in adults; Fifty percent of patients with GCNIS developed invasive germ cell tumours within five years of initial diagnosis. Five percent of contralateral testes in men with a history of prior testicular germ cell tumour. Less than five percent of cryptorchid testes.
Cryptorchidism is associated with tubular atrophy and sterility. In addition, cryptorchid testes carry a three to five times higher risk for testicular cancer (germ cell neoplasia in situ within the atrophic tubules). Patients are at increased risk for the development of cancer and atrophy in the contralateral, normally descended testes as well.
Seminoma is the most common tumor type in cryptorchid testes. The risk of developing a seminoma is increased in patients with cryptorchidism, even after orchiopexy. There is an increased incidence of malignancy developing in the contralateral testis too, hence sonography is sometimes used to screen for an occult tumor in the remaining testis.
Standing castration can be performed in more complicated cases. Some authorities have described a technique for the removal of abdominally retained testes from cryptorchid animals, [27] but most surgeons still advocate a recumbent technique, as described below. [28]