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A fire hydrant, fireplug, [1] firecock (archaic), [2] hydrant riser or Johnny Pump [3] [better source needed] is a connection point by which firefighters can tap into a water supply. It is a component of active fire protection .
An example of a water distribution system: a pumping station, a water tower, water mains, fire hydrants, and service lines [1] [2]. A water distribution system is a part of water supply network with components that carry potable water from a centralized treatment plant or wells to consumers to satisfy residential, commercial, industrial and fire fighting requirements.
The main standard that governs fire pump fixed-place installations in North America is the National Fire Protection Association's NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Fire Pumps for Fire Protection. [1] Fire pumps are powered most commonly by an electric motor or a diesel engine, or, occasionally a steam turbine.
Indoor fire hose with a fire extinguisher. A fire hose (or firehose) is a high-pressure hose that carries water or other fire retardant (such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches either to a fire engine, fire hydrant, or a portable fire pump. [1] Indoors, it can permanently attach to a building's standpipe or plumbing system.
External access point for fire sprinkler and dry standpipe at a building in San Francisco, US Antique wet standpipe preserved at Edison and Ford Winter Estates. A standpipe or riser is a type of rigid water piping which is built into multi-story buildings in a vertical position, or into bridges in a horizontal position, to which fire hoses can be connected, allowing manual application of water ...
A short piece of fire hose, usually 10 to 20 feet (6.1 m) long, of large diameter, greater than 2.5 inches (64 mm) and as large as 6 inches (150 mm), used to move water from a fire hydrant to the fire engine, when the fire apparatus is parked close to the hydrant. Solid stream A fire-fighting water stream emitted from a smooth-bore nozzle.
One hydrant is known as the residual hydrant or test hydrant and is located on or near the water main where a new water connection is desired. From this test hydrant, a static pressure and a residual pressure will be measured. The other hydrant, known as the flow hydrant, is usually the nearest hydrant away from the test hydrant.
Fire sprinkler systems are generally designed as a life saving system, but are not necessarily designed to protect the building. Of buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, if a fire did initiate, it was controlled by the fire sprinklers alone in 96% of these cases. [2]