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For many logic translations, the original text belongs to a natural language, like English or French. In this case, the term "natural language formalization" is often used. [19] For example, the sentence "Dana is a logician and Dana is a nice person" can be formalized into propositional logic using the logical formula. [20]
For example, if we have been trained using some text containing the sentences: President Kennedy was shot dead during the parade. and The convict escaped on July 15th., then we could translate the sentence The convict was shot dead during the parade. by substituting the appropriate parts of the sentences.
Sentence segmentation can be used to determine where sentences begin, to implement the rule that the first word of every sentence must be capitalized. Part-of-speech tagging can be used to identify proper nouns (such as Africa, Jupiter, Sarah, or Amazon), which must be capitalized. In some cases, the same word can be used as different parts of ...
One of the main features of transfer-based machine translation systems is a phase that "transfers" an intermediate representation of the text in the original language to an intermediate representation of text in the target language. This can work at one of two levels of linguistic analysis, or somewhere in between. The levels are:
In transformational grammar, each sentence in a language has two levels of representation: a deep structure and a surface structure. [3] The deep structure represents a sentence's core semantic relations and is mapped onto the surface structure, which follows the sentence's phonological system very closely, via transformations.
Active–stative (or simply active): The argument (subject) of an intransitive verb can be in one of two cases; if the argument is an agent, as in "He ate", then it is in the same case as the agent (subject) of a transitive verb (sometimes called the agentive case), and if it is a patient, as in "He tripped", then it is in the same case as the ...
Talk:1912 World Hard Court Championships – Mixed Doubles#Requested move 8 January 2022 – Fix tennis subtitles to sentence case (in whole or in part); involves MOS:CAPS, WP:NCCAPS, MOS:DASH, WP:NATURAL, WP:CONLEVEL, and other arguments – Decided to use sentence case for subtitles after dash in such sport article titles.
In practice however, BERT's sentence embedding with the [CLS] token achieves poor performance, often worse than simply averaging non-contextual word embeddings. SBERT later achieved superior sentence embedding performance [8] by fine tuning BERT's [CLS] token embeddings through the usage of a siamese neural network architecture on the SNLI dataset.