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The basic rule for divisibility by 4 is that if the number formed by the last two digits in a number is divisible by 4, the original number is divisible by 4; [2] [3] this is because 100 is divisible by 4 and so adding hundreds, thousands, etc. is simply adding another number that is divisible by 4. If any number ends in a two digit number that ...
d() is the number of positive divisors of n, including 1 and n itself; σ() is the sum of the positive divisors of n, including 1 and n itselfs() is the sum of the proper divisors of n, including 1 but not n itself; that is, s(n) = σ(n) − n
For example, there are six divisors of 4; they are 1, 2, 4, −1, −2, and −4, but only the positive ones (1, 2, and 4) would usually be mentioned. 1 and −1 divide (are divisors of) every integer. Every integer (and its negation) is a divisor of itself. Integers divisible by 2 are called even, and integers not divisible by 2 are called odd.
To address this, a scientist by the name Aloysius Lilius devised a plan to use leap days only in years divisible by four, except for end-of-century dates, which must be divisible by a factor of ...
However, only even numbers divisible by 4 can be the even leg of a primitive Pythagorean triple. This is because Euclid's formula for the even leg given above is 2mn and one of m or n must be even. The hypotenuse c (which is always odd) is the sum of two squares. This requires all of its prime factors to be primes of the form 4n + 1. [16]
Gauss [10] pointed out that the four squares theorem follows easily from the fact that any positive integer that is 1 or 2 mod 4 is a sum of 3 squares, because any positive integer not divisible by 4 can be reduced to this form by subtracting 0 or 1 from it. However, proving the three-square theorem is considerably more difficult than a direct ...
In mathematics an even integer, that is, a number that is divisible by 2, is called evenly even or doubly even if it is a multiple of 4, and oddly even or singly even if it is not. The former names are traditional ones, derived from ancient Greek mathematics ; the latter have become common in recent decades.
In number theory, reversing the digits of a number n sometimes produces another number m that is divisible by n. This happens trivially when n is a palindromic number; the nontrivial reverse divisors are 1089, 2178, 10989, 21978, 109989, 219978, 1099989, 2199978, ... (sequence A008919 in the OEIS).