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The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105, part of the Spiral program, was a crewed test vehicle to explore low-speed handling and landing. It was a visible result of a Soviet project to create an orbital spaceplane. The MiG 105 was nicknamed "Lapot" (Russian: лапоть, or bast shoe; the word is also used as a slang for "shoe"), for the shape of its nose.
Type Country Class Role Date Status No. Notes ASSET: USA: Rocket launch: Experimental: 1963: Prototype: Uncrewed reentry test vehicle. Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar: USA
Bast shoes are shoes made primarily from bast — fiber taken from the bark of trees such as linden. They are a kind of basket, woven and fitted to the shape of a foot. Bast shoes are a traditional footwear of the forest areas of Northeastern Europe, formerly worn by poorer members of the Finnic peoples, Balts, Russians, and Belarusians. They ...
In 1965, Lozino-Lozinskiy led a top-secret project named Spiral which was an early Soviet attempt to develop a small crewed space plane similar to the American X-15 project. It was planned to be launched on the back of a hypersonic aircraft, itself capable of reaching Mach 6. After separation from the carrier aircraft, the Spiral would have ...
Sub-scale model of the Spiral space plane: 1982–1984: 1:2 scale model of Spiral space plane. 5 launches. NPO Molniya, Moscow. BOR-5 ("Kosmos") Suborbital test of 1/8 scale model of Buran: 1983–1988: 5 launches, none were reflown but at least 4 were recovered. NPO Molniya, Moscow. Wind tunnel models: Scales from 1:3 to 1:550
Bast shoes were time-consuming to make. The bark from three or four saplings was soaked in a press for a long period. Despite this, the shoes were somewhat disposable, only lasting a week or so. [3] Bast shoes were used until the mid-twentieth century. They did not always have a rope-like sole; it was common for bast soles to be crudely woven ...
The aircraft is made from a combination of wood and metal tubing, covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its 26.00 ft (7.9 m) span wing lacks flaps. The standard engine used is the 65 hp (48 kW) Continental A65 powerplant. The aircraft has a typical empty weight of 540 lb (240 kg) and a gross weight of 840 lb (380 kg), giving a useful load of 300 lb ...
SOAR (Sub-Orbital Re-Usable Aircraft) was a planned partially reusable air-launched spaceplane launch system concept which would launch small satellites on a suborbital or orbital trajectory. The vehicle, derived from the Hermes spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency, was planned to be built, launched, and operated by Swiss Space ...