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In bioinformatics, neighbor joining is a bottom-up (agglomerative) clustering method for the creation of phylogenetic trees, created by Naruya Saitou and Masatoshi Nei in 1987. [1] Usually based on DNA or protein sequence data, the algorithm requires knowledge of the distance between each pair of taxa (e.g., species or sequences) to create the ...
Masatoshi Nei was born in 1931 Japan, and his lifelong interest in biology and genetics may have its roots in his upbringing on a farm, in a family of farmers. [1] After completing his undergraduate and doctorate degrees in Japan, Nei emigrated to the United States in 1969. [ 1 ]
Nei's D A distance was created by Masatoshi Nei, a Japanese-American biologist in 1983. This distance assumes that genetic differences arise due to mutation and genetic drift , but this distance measure is known to give more reliable population trees than other distances particularly for microsatellite DNA data.
Nucleotide diversity is a measure of genetic variation. It is usually associated with other statistical measures of population diversity, and is similar to expected heterozygosity . This statistic may be used to monitor diversity within or between ecological populations, to examine the genetic variation in crops and related species, [ 3 ] or to ...
MEGA offers several approaches for testing substitution pattern homogeneity, such as composition distance, disparity index, and Monte Carlo tests. These methods are used to determine if different genetic regions evolved under the same selective pressure. Computation distance measures the variation in nucleotide composition between two sequences.
Minimum evolution is a distance method employed in phylogenetics modeling. It shares with maximum parsimony the aspect of searching for the phylogeny that has the shortest total sum of branch lengths.
In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01. It is often used to infer distance along a ...
There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.