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Atheists are subject to discrimination in Indonesia, seeing as irreligion violates the first principle of Pancasila (i.e. Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa, The One and Almighty God). Religious tolerance in Indonesia is limited to muted acceptance of other religions apart from Islam. Indonesian atheist activists are pursuing their religious freedom. [5]
Indonesian Atheists (IA) is a community that accommodates atheists, agnostics, and irreligious in Indonesia. [1] [2] The community provides a place for Indonesian nonbelievers to express their opinions. [1] [3] IA was founded by Karl Karnadi [1] [2] [3] in October 2008. [4]
According to sociologists Ariela Keysar and Juhem Navarro-Rivera's 2013 review of numerous global studies on atheism, there are 450 to 500 million positive atheists and agnostics worldwide (7% of the world's population) with China alone accounting for 200 million of that demographic.
Research in 2020 stated that Indonesia is one of the top five countries with the highest levels of government restrictions. [24] In 2022, the Setara Institute on Democracy and Peace noted a total of 333 incidents involving infringment on religious freedom; [3] these were mainly against non-Sunni Muslims and were highest in East Java.
The largest Hindu temple in Indonesia, Prambanan, was built during the Majapahit kingdom by the Sanjaya dynasty. The kingdom existed until the 16th century when Islamic empires began to develop, this period known as the Hindu-Indonesian period. [80] Hinduism in Indonesia takes on a distinct tone from other parts of the world.
Atheism is prohibited in Saudi Arabia and can come with a death penalty, if one is charged as an atheist. [ 155 ] [ 156 ] [ 157 ] In March 2014, the Saudi interior ministry issued a royal decree branding all atheists as terrorists, which defines terrorism as "calling for atheist thought in any form, or calling into question the fundamentals of ...
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