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  2. Problem solving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving

    Problem solving in psychology refers to the process of finding solutions to problems encountered in life. [5] Solutions to these problems are usually situation- or context-specific. The process starts with problem finding and problem shaping, in which the problem is discovered and simplified. The next step is to generate possible solutions and ...

  3. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Gerd Gigerenzer has criticized the framing of cognitive biases as errors in judgment, and favors interpreting them as arising from rational deviations from logical thought. [ 6 ] Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics , that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments.

  4. Error management theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_management_theory

    Differences in perceptions of sexual interest between men and women may be exploited by both genders. Men may present themselves as more emotionally invested in a woman than they actually are in order to gain sexual access; 71% of men report engaging in this form of manipulation and 97% of women report having experienced this form of manipulation. [7]

  5. Attribution bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribution_bias

    Recent research on attribution biases has focused on identifying specific types of these biases and their effect on people's behavior. [7] [21] Additionally, some psychologists have taken an applied approach and demonstrated how these biases can be understood in real-world contexts (e.g., the workplace or school).

  6. Trial and error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_and_error

    An example is a skillful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily misunderstood as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behavior. Lloyd Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to ...

  7. Cognitive bias mitigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias_mitigation

    There are few studies explicitly linking cognitive biases to real-world incidents with highly negative outcomes. Examples: One study [11] explicitly focused on cognitive bias as a potential contributor to a disaster-level event; this study examined the causes of the loss of several members of two expedition teams on Mount Everest on two consecutive days in 1996.

  8. Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_distortion

    Examples of some common cognitive distortions seen in depressed and anxious individuals. People may be taught how to identify and alter these distortions as part of cognitive behavioural therapy. John C. Gibbs and Granville Bud Potter propose four categories for cognitive distortions: self-centered , blaming others , minimizing-mislabeling ...

  9. Slips and capture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slips_and_capture

    It has been described as a phenomenon in the psychology of human error, such that a person may inadvertently perform one action while intending to do another. The term "slips and capture" became more widely known in the early 21st century in the United States, after being referred to by law enforcement in two prominent fatal police shooting ...