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Relapsing fever is a vector-borne disease caused by infection with certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia, [1] which is transmitted through the bites of lice, soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros), or hard-bodied ticks (Genus Ixodes).
Borrelia recurrentis is a species of Borrelia, a spirochaete bacterium associated with relapsing fever. [1] [2] B. recurrentis is usually transmitted from person to person by the human body louse. [3] Since the 1800s, the body louse has been known as its only known vector. [4]
Relapsing fever can be spread epidemically through lice or endemically through ticks. [9] B. recurrentis, a common species underlying relapsing fever, is transmitted by the human body louse; no other animal reservoir of B. recurrentis is known. [9] B. recurrentis infects the person via mucous membranes and then invades the bloodstream. [9]
c) Remittent fever d) Intermittent fever e) Undulant fever f) Relapsing fever. Remittent fever is a type or pattern of fever in which temperature does not touch the baseline and remains above normal throughout the day. Daily variation in temperature is more than 1°C in 24 hours, which is also the main difference as compared to continuous fever.
Relapsing fever (tick-borne relapsing fever, different from Lyme disease due to different Borrelia species and ticks) Organisms: Borrelia species such as B. hermsii, B. parkeri, B. duttoni, B. miyamotoi; Vector: Ornithodoros species; Regions : Primarily in Africa, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Asia in and certain areas of Canada and the western United ...
Tick-borne relapsing fever is transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros). [10] Each species of Borrelia is typically associated with a single tick species, with Borrelia duttoni being transmitted by O. moubata , and being responsible for the relapsing fever found in central, eastern, and southern Africa.
Ornithodoros turicata, commonly referred to as the relapsing fever tick, is a soft tick found in the midwestern and southwestern United States. It is a known vector of Borrelia turicatae , a spirochete responsible for tick-borne relapsing fever in humans. [ 1 ]
It is the endemic causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and Madagascar. It is transmitted by the soft-bodied tick Ornithodoros moubata which sheds the pathogen in its saliva and coxal fluid. Vertical transmission occurs in ticks which thus appear to represent the major reservoir of this pathogen.