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Count Theodosius (Latin: Theodosius comes; died 376), Flavius Theodosius or Theodosius the Elder (Latin: Theodosius major), [a] was a senior military officer serving Valentinian I (r. 364–375) and the Western Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. Under his command the Roman army defeated numerous threats, incursions, and usurpations.
Theodosius was born in Hispania [16] [17] [18] on 11 January, probably in the year 347. [19] His father of the same name, Count Theodosius, was a successful and high-ranking general (magister equitum) under the western Roman emperor Valentinian I, and his mother was called Thermantia. [20]
[2] [3] In 367 Roman Britain was threatened by the Great Conspiracy, defeated 368–369 by the magister equitum Theodosius the Elder, accompanied by his son Theodosius. [2] [3] [1] At this time was the unsuccessful usurpation in Britain by Valentinus. [3] Theodosius the Elder was made magister equitum in 369, and retained the post until 375. [1]
Maximus was born in Gallaecia, Hispania, on the estates of Count Theodosius (the Elder) of the Theodosian dynasty, to whom he claimed to be related. [3] [4] [5] In their youth, Maximus and Theodosius I served together in Theodosius the Elder's army in Britannia. [6]
His brother was Count Theodosius the Elder. [1] Eucherius began his service under the reign of Emperor Julian, continued during the reign of Valentinian I. He enjoyed the support of Empress Justina. [2] In 377 AD, Gratian appointed him to the fiscal office of Comes sacrarum largitonum. [3]
The persecution of pagans under Theodosius I began in 381, after the first couple of years of his reign as co-emperor in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.In the 380s, Theodosius I reiterated the ban of Constantine the Great on animal sacrifices, prohibited haruspicy on animal sacrifice, pioneered the criminalization of magistrates who did not enforce anti-pagan laws, broke up some pagan ...
[1] [2] Theodosius dissolved the order of the Vestal Virgins in Rome, banned the pagan rituals of the Olympics in Ancient Greece and did nor punish nor prevent the destruction of antique Hellenistic temples, such as the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. With the death of Theodosius in 395, the Roman Empire was divided once more between his two sons.
Serena was the daughter of Honorius, the brother of Theodosius I and son of Theodosius the Elder, and her mother's name is presumed to be Maria. She had an elder sister named Thermantia. Serena's father died prior to 379, after which she was adopted by her uncle Theodosius. [3] Around the year 384, she was married to the general Stilicho. [3]