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A neutrino (/ nj uː ˈ t r iː n oʊ / new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. [2] [3] The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small that it was long thought to be zero.
According to certain theories, neutrinos may be their own antiparticle. It is not currently known whether this is the case. It is not currently known whether this is the case. The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson . [ 6 ]
The term is sometimes used in opposition to Dirac fermion, which describes fermions that are not their own antiparticles. With the exception of neutrinos, all of the Standard Model elementary fermions are known to behave as Dirac fermions at low energy (lower than the electroweak symmetry breaking temperature), and none are Majorana fermions ...
Particles and their antiparticles have equal and opposite charges, so that an uncharged particle also gives rise to an uncharged antiparticle. In many cases, the antiparticle and the particle coincide: pairs of photons, Z 0 bosons, π 0 mesons, and hypothetical gravitons and some hypothetical WIMPs all self-annihilate. However, electrically ...
The weak interaction is unique in that it allows quarks to swap their flavour for another. The swapping of those properties is mediated by the force carrier bosons. For example, during beta-minus decay , a down quark within a neutron is changed into an up quark, thus converting the neutron to a proton and resulting in the emission of an ...
In particle physics, a truly neutral particle is a subatomic particle that is its own antiparticle. In other words, it remains itself under the charge conjugation, which replaces particles with their corresponding antiparticles. All charges of a truly neutral particle must be equal to zero.
The W bosons are known for their mediation in nuclear decay: The W − converts a neutron into a proton then decays into an electron and electron-antineutrino pair. The Z 0 does not convert particle flavor or charges, but rather changes momentum; it is the only mechanism for elastically scattering neutrinos. The weak gauge bosons were ...
The two types of beta decay are known as beta minus and beta plus.In beta minus (β −) decay, a neutron is converted to a proton, and the process creates an electron and an electron antineutrino; while in beta plus (β +) decay, a proton is converted to a neutron and the process creates a positron and an electron neutrino. β + decay is also known as positron emission.