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  2. Rhodium(III) oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium(III)_oxide

    Rhodium oxide can be produced via several routes: Treating RhCl 3 with oxygen at high temperatures. [3] Rh metal powder is fused with potassium hydrogen sulfate. Adding sodium hydroxide results in hydrated rhodium oxide, which upon heating converts to Rh 2 O 3. [4] Rhodium oxide thin films can be produced by exposing Rh layer to oxygen plasma. [5]

  3. Photographic fixer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_fixer

    The print must then be rinsed in water to removed the fixer. Photographic fixer is a mixture of chemicals used in the final step in the photographic processing of film or paper. The fixer stabilises the image, removing the unexposed silver halide remaining on the photographic film or photographic paper , leaving behind the reduced metallic ...

  4. Photographic developer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_developer

    A black and white photographic print in a tray while being processed after exposure to light under a photographic enlarger. Typically three trays are used containing either developer, stop bath, or fixer, in that order. The print must then be rinsed in water to removed the fixer.

  5. Aqua regia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia

    Here, fresh aqua regia has been added to these NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material. Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [b] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.

  6. Rhodium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium

    Rhodium is a hard, silvery, durable metal that has a high reflectance. Rhodium metal does not normally form an oxide, even when heated. [25] Oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere only at the melting point of rhodium, but is released on solidification. [26] Rhodium has both a higher melting point and lower density than platinum.

  7. Descaling agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descaling_agent

    Limescale build-up inside a pipe reduces both liquid flow and thermal conduction from the pipe, so will reduce thermal efficiency when used as a heat exchanger.. A descaling agent or chemical descaler is a liquid chemical substance used to remove limescale from metal surfaces in contact with hot water, such as in boilers, water heaters, and kettles.

  8. Passivation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivation_(chemistry)

    In physical chemistry and engineering, passivation is coating a material so that it becomes "passive", that is, less readily affected or corroded by the environment. . Passivation involves creation of an outer layer of shield material that is applied as a microcoating, created by chemical reaction with the base material, or allowed to build by spontaneous oxidation

  9. Limescale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limescale

    Limescale build-up inside a pipe reduces both liquid flow through the pipe and thermal conduction from the liquid to the outer pipe shell. Both effects will reduce the pipe's overall thermal efficiency when used as a heat exchanger. Limescale is a hard, chalky deposit, consisting mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3).