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Childhood blindness is an important contribution to the national prevalence of the disability of blindness. [3] Blindness in children can be defined as a visual acuity of <3/60 in the eye with better vision of a child under 16 years of age. [4]
However, recent studies have shown that most cases of visually impaired children are a result of causes such as cerebral visual impairment and optic nerve anomalies. [29] This is due to a decrease in preventable or avoidable causes of blindness with the improvement and focus on maternal and neonatal healthcare worldwide. [6]
Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
Visual agnosia is an impairment in recognition of visually presented objects. It is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or intellect. [ 1 ] While cortical blindness results from lesions to primary visual cortex, visual agnosia is often due to damage to more anterior cortex such as the posterior ...
Cortical blindness and cortical visual impairment (CVI), which refers to the partial loss of vision caused by cortical damage, are both classified as subsets of neurological visual impairment (NVI). NVI and its three subtypes—cortical blindness, cortical visual impairment, and delayed visual maturation—must be distinguished from ocular ...
For those who cannot benefit from gene therapy, LCA treatment is supportive, and meant to facilitate living with visual impairment. Some benefit from vision aids such as glasses, magnifiers, and enhancers. Other resources helpful for those with visual impairment include educational programs, special education teachers, and service animals. [17]
Children with untreated hypothyroidism are at high risk of mental retardation; thus, early detection is crucial. Central hypothyroidism can be diagnosed by a low or normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the presence of a low level of free T4. Free T-4 should be checked annually for at least four years. [3] Cortisol is made in times of ...
The WHO estimated in 1995 that 13.8 million children had some degree of visual loss related to VAD. [10] Night blindness and its worsened condition, xerophthalmia , are markers of Vitamin A deficiency; collections of keratin in the conjunctiva , known as Bitot's spots , and ulceration and necrosis of cornea keratomalacia can be seen.