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The psychoactive effects of cannabis, known as a "high", are subjective and vary among persons and the method of use. When THC enters the blood stream and reaches the brain, it binds to cannabinoid receptors .
Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis .
Δ-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC, [a] Δ 8-THC) is a psychoactive cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. [1] It is an isomer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC, Δ 9-THC), the compound commonly known as THC, with which it co-occurs in hemp; natural quantities of ∆ 8-THC found in hemp are low.
It is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis and one of at least 113 total cannabinoids identified on the plant. Although the chemical formula for THC (C 21 H 30 O 2 ) describes multiple isomers , [ 10 ] the term THC usually refers to the delta-9-THC isomer with chemical name (−)- trans -Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol .
The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile. For example, strains that are used as fiber (commonly called hemp ) are bred such that they are low in psychoactive chemicals like THC.
The table highlights several common cannabinoids along with putative receptor targets and therapeutic properties. Exogenous (plant-derived) phytocannabinoids are identified with an asterisk while remaining chemicals represent well-known endocannabinoids (i.e., endogenously produced cannabinoid receptor ligands).
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. [5] And discovered , by determination and characterization in 1988, [ 6 ] and cloned in 1990 for the first time.
Dronabinol is the principal psychoactive constituent enantiomer form, (−)-trans-Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, found in Cannabis sativa L. plants, [8] but can also be synthesized in laboratory. Dronabinol does not include any other tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) isomers or any cannabidiol .