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Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) [2] is a rare, often fatal, subacute-to-chronic central nervous system disease caused by certain species of free-living amoebae [3] of the genera Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Sappinia.
Naegleriasis, also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), is an almost invariably fatal infection of the brain by the free-living protozoan Naegleria fowleri. Symptoms include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, a stiff neck, confusion, hallucinations and seizures. [6]
Acanthamoeba – an amoeba that can cause amoebic keratitis and encephalitis in humans; Balamuthia mandrillaris – an amoeba that is the cause of (often fatal) granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis; Entamoeba histolytica – an amoeba that is the cause of amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery; Leptospira – a zoonotic bacteria that causes ...
Free-living amoebae (or "FLA") [1] are a group of protozoa that are important causes of infectious disease in humans and animals.. Naegleria fowleri is often included in the group "free-living amoebae", [2] [3] and this species causes a usually fatal condition traditionally called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is caused by amoebic infection of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by neurological symptoms including headache, seizures, and mental-status abnormalities. [1] These worsen progressively over weeks to months, leading to death in most patients. [1]
The Balamuthia amoebae can then travel to the brain through the bloodstream and cause GAE. GAE is a very rare disease that is usually fatal. [2] Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first discovered Balamuthia mandrillaris in 1986. The amoeba was found in the brain of a dead mandrill.