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In this Java example, the Printer class has a print method. This print method, rather than performing the print itself, forwards to an object of class RealPrinter . To the outside world it appears that the Printer object is doing the print, but the RealPrinter object is the one actually doing the work.
This is a list of the instructions that make up the Java bytecode, an abstract machine language that is ultimately executed by the Java virtual machine. [1] The Java bytecode is generated from languages running on the Java Platform, most notably the Java programming language.
Another example in JavaScript uses the built-in methods of Array: filter somethings . filter ( x => x . count > 10 ) . sort (( a , b ) => a . count - b . count ) . map ( x => x . name ) Note that in JavaScript filter and map return a new shallow copy of the preceding array but sort operates in place.
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
Uniform Function Call Syntax (UFCS) or Uniform Call Syntax (UCS) or sometimes Universal Function Call Syntax is a programming language feature in D, [1] Nim, [2] Koka, [3] and Effekt [4] that allows any function to be called using the syntax for method calls (as in object-oriented programming), by using the receiver as the first parameter and the given arguments as the remaining parameters. [5]
Notably, the delivery need not be made by the clerk who took the order. A callback need not be called by the function that accepted the callback as a parameter. Also, the delivery need not be made directly to the customer. A callback need not be to the calling function. In fact, a function would generally not pass itself as a callback.
Another example is JNR; LuaJIT, a just-in-time implementation of Lua, has an FFI that allows "calling external C functions and using C data structures from pure Lua code". [4] [5]: 35 Nim has an FFI which enables it to use source from C, C++, and Objective-C. It can also interface with JavaScript.
Java has no first-class functions, so function objects are usually expressed by an interface with a single method (most commonly the Callable interface), typically with the implementation being an anonymous inner class, or, starting in Java 8, a lambda. For an example from Java's standard library, java.util.Collections.sort() takes a List and a ...