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Naphtha (/ ˈ n æ f θ ə /, recorded as less common or nonstandard [1] in all dictionaries: / ˈ n æ p θ ə /) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates , petroleum distillates , and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat .
Various grades of naphtha are produced depending on the PONA specifications, such as 60/15, 65/12, 70/10, etc. The first number represents the minimum allowable total parafins percentage and the second number specifies the maximum allowable aromatics percentage. It also determines the price of naphtha in international markets.
Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil [1] [2] [3] with CAS-no 64742-48-9. [4] It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which rearranges or restructures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (or ...
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified meaning a collective entry to which substances, mixtures, solutions or articles may be assigned if a) they are not mentioned by name in 3.2 Dangerous Goods List AND b) they exhibit chemical, physical and/or dangerous properties corresponding to the Class, classification code, packing group and the name and description of the n.o.s. entry [4]
The octane grade of gasoline can also be improved by catalytic reforming, which involves removing hydrogen from hydrocarbons producing compounds with higher octane ratings such as aromatics. Intermediate products such as gasoils can even be reprocessed to break a heavy, long-chained oil into a lighter short-chained one, by various forms of ...
This petroleum coke can either be fuel grade (high in sulphur and metals) or anode grade (low in sulphur and metals). The raw coke from the coker is often referred to as green coke. [1] In this context, "green" means unprocessed. The further processing of green coke by calcining in a rotary kiln removes residual volatile hydrocarbons from the coke.
Naphtha Koch 57.8° 0.11% United States: N'kossa 41.0° 0.04% Congo: N'Kossa: NFC II 57.95° 0.23% Qatar: Ras Laffan: Northwest Shelf Condensate 61.2° 0.01% Australia: Withnell Bay Nang Nuang Nanhai Light 40.1° 0.06% China: Nan Hai Fa Xian FPSO Napo 19° 2% Ecuador: Esmeraldas: Nemba 40.9° 0.18% Angola: New Zafiro Blend 29.5° 0.26% ...
In other words, naphtha is a generic term rather than a specific term. The table just below lists some fairly typical straight-run heavy naphtha feedstocks, available for catalytic reforming, derived from various crude oils. It can be seen that they differ significantly in their content of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics: