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Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), also known as Fairbank's disease, is a rare genetic disorder (dominant form: 1 in 10,000 births) that affects the growing ends of bones. Long bones normally elongate by expansion of cartilage in the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) near their ends.
The likelihood of the development to cancer is related to the degree of dysplasia. [11] Dysplasia is the earliest form of precancerous lesion which pathologists can recognize in a pap smear or in a biopsy. Dysplasia can be low grade or high grade. The risk of low-grade dysplasia transforming into high-grade dysplasia, and eventually cancer, is low.
Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [4] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [5] Occasionally one leg may be shorter than the other. [4] The left hip is more often affected than the right. [5] Complications without treatment can include arthritis, limping, and low back pain. [5]
Moderate dysplasia confined to the basal 2/3 of the epithelium; Represents a mix of low- and high-grade lesions not easily differentiated by histology; CIN 2+ encompasses CIN 2, CIN 3, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and cancer; CIN 3 (Grade III) Severe dysplasia with undifferentiated neoplastic cells that span more than 2/3 of the epithelium
Even with treatments such as enzyme replacement therapy and stem cell transplantation, people with skeletal dysplasia often require orthopedic surgery and other disease management interventions. There is a lack of information available to support these patients as most physicians may only see one or two skeletal dysplasia patients in their ...
For adults it describes hips showing abnormal femur head or acetabular x-rays. [41] [42] Some sources prefer the term "hip dysplasia" over DDH, considering it to be "simpler and more accurate", partly because of the redundancy created by the use of the terms developmental and dysplasia. [43] Types of DDH include subluxation, dysplasia, and ...
Conradi–Hünermann syndrome is commonly associated with mild to moderate growth deficiency, disproportionate shortening of long bones, particularly those of the upper arms and the thigh bones, short stature, and/or curvature of the spine. In rare cases, intellectual disability may also be present.
Focal cortical dysplasia is a common cause of intractable epilepsy in children and is a frequent cause of epilepsy in adults. There are three types of FCD with subtypes, including type 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, each with distinct histopathological features.