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Rutherfordium is expected to have the electron configuration [Rn]5f 14 6d 2 7s 2 and therefore behave as the heavier homologue of hafnium in group 4 of the periodic table. It should therefore readily form a hydrated Rf 4+ ion in strong acid solution and should readily form complexes in hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic or hydrofluoric acid ...
As an approximate rule, electron configurations are given by the Aufbau principle and the Madelung rule. However there are numerous exceptions; for example the lightest exception is chromium, which would be predicted to have the configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 4 4s 2 , written as [Ar] 3d 4 4s 2 , but whose actual configuration given ...
Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral atoms in the gas phase, which are not the same as the electron configurations for the same atoms in chemical environments. In many cases, multiple configurations are within a small range of energies and the small irregularities that arise in the d- and f-blocks are quite irrelevant ...
In each term of an electron configuration, n is the positive integer that precedes each orbital letter (helium's electron configuration is 1s 2, therefore n = 1, and the orbital contains two electrons). An atom's nth electron shell can accommodate 2n 2 electrons. For example, the first shell can accommodate two electrons, the second shell eight ...
Electron configuration 22: Ti, titanium: 2, 8, 10, 2 ... Rf + and Rf 2+ ions are predicted to give up 6d electrons instead of 7s electrons, ...
n′ℓ is an attempt to describe electronic configuration of the excited electron in a way of describing electronic configuration of hydrogen atom. # is an additional number denoted to each energy level of given n′ℓ (there can be multiple energy levels of given electronic configuration, denoted by the term symbol).
The collapse of the 5g orbital itself is delayed until around element 125 (unbipentium or eka-neptunium); the electron configurations of the 119-electron isoelectronic series are expected to be [Og]8s 1 for elements 119 through 122, [Og]6f 1 for elements 123 and 124, and [Og]5g 1 for element 125 onwards. [84]
Rutherfordium (104 Rf) is a synthetic element and thus has no stable isotopes. A standard atomic weight cannot be given. The first isotope to be synthesized was either 259 Rf in 1966 or 257 Rf in 1969. There are 17 known radioisotopes from 252 Rf to 270 Rf (three of which, 266 Rf, 268 Rf, and 270 Rf, are unconfirmed) and several isomers.