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Here [Ne] refers to the core electrons which are the same as for the element neon (Ne), the last noble gas before phosphorus in the periodic table. The valence electrons (here 3s 2 3p 3) are written explicitly for all atoms. Electron configurations of elements beyond hassium (element 108) have never been measured; predictions are used below.
In many cases, multiple configurations are within a small range of energies and the small irregularities that arise in the d- and f-blocks are quite irrelevant chemically. [1] The construction of the periodic table ignores these irregularities and is based on ideal electron configurations. [2]
The +2 state has a valence electron configuration of 4f 14 because the fully filled f-shell gives more stability. The yellow-green ytterbium(II) ion is a very strong reducing agent and decomposes water, releasing hydrogen , and thus only the colorless ytterbium(III) ion occurs in aqueous solution .
Elements are placed in the periodic table according to their electron configurations, [38] the periodic recurrences of which explain the trends in properties across the periodic table. [ 39 ] An electron can be thought of as inhabiting an atomic orbital , which characterizes the probability it can be found in any particular region around the atom.
Only three electrons can be removed before the nuclear charge becomes too great to allow further ionization, but in the case of terbium, the stability of the half-filled [Xe]4f 7 configuration allows further ionization of a fourth electron in the presence of very strong oxidizing agents such as fluorine gas. [10]
The form of the periodic table is closely related to the atomic electron configuration for each element. For example, all the elements of group 2 (the table's second column) have an electron configuration of [E] n s 2 (where [E] is a noble gas configuration), and have notable similarities in their chemical properties.
Template: Periodic table (electron configuration) 5 languages. ... Xe 2 10 6 [Xe] 6s: 4f: 5d: 6p: 55 Cs 1--- 56 Ba 2--- 57 La 2-1 - 58 Ce 2 1 1 - 59 Pr 2 3-- 60 Nd 2 ...
The longest-lived of these isotopes are the primordial 124 Xe, which undergoes double electron capture with a half-life of 1.8 × 10 22 yr, [82] and 136 Xe, which undergoes double beta decay with a half-life of 2.11 × 10 21 yr. [83] 129 Xe is produced by beta decay of 129 I, which has a half-life of 16 million years.