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  2. Mirror image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_image

    Thus reflection is a reversal of the coordinate axis perpendicular to the mirror's surface. Although a plane mirror reverses an object only in the direction normal to the mirror surface, this turns the entire three-dimensional image seen in the mirror inside-out, so there is a perception of a left-right reversal. Hence, the reversal is somewhat ...

  3. Optical illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion

    The ambiguity of direction of motion due to lack of visual references for depth is shown in the spinning dancer illusion. The spinning dancer appears to be moving clockwise or counterclockwise depending on spontaneous activity in the brain where perception is subjective.

  4. Psychology of art - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_art

    The psychology of art is the scientific study of cognitive and emotional processes precipitated by the sensory perception of aesthetic artefacts, such as viewing a painting or touching a sculpture. It is an emerging multidisciplinary field of inquiry, closely related to the psychology of aesthetics, including neuroaesthetics .

  5. Geometrical-optical illusions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical-optical_illusions

    In the discipline of experimental neuroscience, a top-down influence has the meaning that signals originating in higher neural centers, repository of memory traces, innate patterns and decision operations, travel down to lower neuronal circuits where they cause a shift of the excitation balance in the deviated direction.

  6. Mental rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_rotation

    Example problem based on Shepard & Metzlar's "Mental Rotation Task": are these two three-dimensional shapes identical when rotated? Mental rotation is the ability to rotate mental representations of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects as it is related to the visual representation of such rotation within the human mind. [1]

  7. Ambigram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambigram

    Vertical axis mirror ambigrams find clever applications in mirror writing (or specular writing), that is formed by writing in the direction that is the reverse of the natural way for a given language, such that the result is the mirror image of normal writing: it appears normal when it is reflected in a mirror. For example, the word "ambulance ...

  8. Orientability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientability

    A torus is an orientable surface The Möbius strip is a non-orientable surface. Note how the disk flips with every loop. The Roman surface is non-orientable.. In mathematics, orientability is a property of some topological spaces such as real vector spaces, Euclidean spaces, surfaces, and more generally manifolds that allows a consistent definition of "clockwise" and "anticlockwise". [1]

  9. Rotations and reflections in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotations_and_reflections...

    The set of all reflections in lines through the origin and rotations about the origin, together with the operation of composition of reflections and rotations, forms a group. The group has an identity: Rot(0). Every rotation Rot(φ) has an inverse Rot(−φ). Every reflection Ref(θ) is its own inverse. Composition has closure and is ...