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A β-lactam (beta-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam. [1] A lactam is a cyclic amide, and beta-lactams are named so because the nitrogen atom is attached to the β-carbon atom relative to the carbonyl. The simplest β-lactam possible is 2-azetidinone. β-lactams are significant structural units of medicines as manifested in many β-lactam ...
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Mugineic acid, an iron-binding azetidine.. Azetidines can be prepared by reduction of azetidinones (β-lactams) with lithium aluminium hydride.Even more effective is a mixture of lithium aluminium hydride and aluminium trichloride, a source of "AlClH 2" and "AlCl 2 H". [3]
The β-lactam core structures. (A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem. This is a list of common β-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class.
From an avoided double redirect: This is a redirect from an alternative title or related topic of 2-Azetidinone, another redirect to the same title. Because double redirects are disallowed, both pages currently point to Β-Lactam .
Unlike the case of beta-lactam antibiotics, the inhibitors act as suicide substrates (tazobactam and sulbactam) which ultimately leads to the degradation of the beta-lactamase. [7] Avibactam on the other hand does not contain a beta-lactam ring (non beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor), and instead binds reversibly. [8] [9]
The β-lactam ring is not fused to another ring, in contrast to most other β-lactams. [ 1 ] Monobactams are narrow-spectrum antibiotics [ 2 ] effective only against (strictly or facultatively [ 3 ] ) aerobic Gram-negative bacilli , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 3 ] exhibiting a high level of resistance to beta-lactamases of these organisms. [ 3 ]
For example, NDM-1 is a newly identified enzyme conveying bacterial resistance to a broad range of beta-lactam antibacterials. [99] The United Kingdom's Health Protection Agency has stated that "most isolates with NDM-1 enzyme are resistant to all standard intravenous antibiotics for treatment of severe infections."