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  2. Euclid's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid's_theorem

    Since no prime number divides 1, p cannot be in the list. This means that at least one more prime number exists that is not in the list. This proves that for every finite list of prime numbers there is a prime number not in the list. [4] In the original work, Euclid denoted the arbitrary finite set of prime numbers as A, B, Γ. [5]

  3. Furstenberg's proof of the infinitude of primes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furstenberg's_proof_of_the...

    The intersection of two (and hence finitely many) open sets is open: let U 1 and U 2 be open sets and let x ∈ U 1 ∩ U 2 (with numbers a 1 and a 2 establishing membership). Set a to be the least common multiple of a 1 and a 2. Then S(a, x) ⊆ S(a i, x) ⊆ U i. This topology has two notable properties:

  4. List of prime numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_numbers

    A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Subsets of the prime numbers may be generated with various formulas for primes.

  5. Euclid number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid_number

    Every Euclid number is congruent to 3 modulo 4 since the primorial of which it is composed is twice the product of only odd primes and thus congruent to 2 modulo 4. This property implies that no Euclid number can be a square. For all n ≥ 3 the last digit of E n is 1, since E n − 1 is divisible by 2 and 5.

  6. Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet's_theorem_on...

    In 1737, Euler related the study of prime numbers to what is known now as the Riemann zeta function: he showed that the value () reduces to a ratio of two infinite products, Π p / Π (p–1), for all primes p, and that the ratio is infinite. [1] [2] In 1775, Euler stated the theorem for the cases of a + nd, where a = 1. [3]

  7. Fermat number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat_number

    If 2 k + 1 is prime and k > 0, then k itself must be a power of 2, [1] so 2 k + 1 is a Fermat number; such primes are called Fermat primes. As of 2023 [update] , the only known Fermat primes are F 0 = 3 , F 1 = 5 , F 2 = 17 , F 3 = 257 , and F 4 = 65537 (sequence A019434 in the OEIS ).