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Terpenes are colorless, although impure samples are often yellow. Boiling points scale with molecular size: terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes respectively at 110, 160, and 220 °C. Being highly non-polar, they are insoluble in water. Being hydrocarbons, they are highly flammable and have low specific gravity (float on water).
Tetraterpenes are terpenes consisting of eight isoprene units and have the molecular formula C 40 H 64. [1] Tetraterpenoids (including many carotenoids) are tetraterpenes that have been chemically modified, as indicated by the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups.
Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, sulfur powder is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc.
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The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical. The study of chemical structure by means of energy absorption and release is generally referred to as spectroscopy .
Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, the yellow color in sunflowers, and the red color in tomatoes. [5] Well-known terpenoids include citral , menthol , camphor , salvinorin A in the plant Salvia divinorum , ginkgolide and bilobalide found in Ginkgo biloba and the cannabinoids found in ...
As with other terpenes, it is insoluble in water, flammable, colorless, and has a pungent smell. [4] It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine , cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil , neroli , ginger oil, valerian , and mango . [ 5 ]
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