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Crowd control is a public security practice in which large crowds are managed in order to prevent the outbreak of crowd crushes, affray, fights involving drunk and disorderly people or riots. Crowd crushes in particular can cause many hundreds of fatalities. [1] Effective crowd management is about managing expected and unexpected crowd ...
Crowd manipulation is the intentional or unwitting use of techniques based on the principles of crowd psychology to engage, control, ...
A crowd changes its level of emotional intensity over time, and therefore, can be classed in any one of the four types. Generally, researchers in crowd psychology have focused on the negative aspects of crowds, [11] but not all crowds are volatile or negative in nature. For example, in the beginning of the socialist movement crowds were asked ...
Often crowd control is designed to persuade a crowd to align with a particular view (e.g., political rallies), or to contain groups to prevent damage or mob behaviour. Politically organised crowd control is usually conducted by law enforcement but on some occasions military forces are used for particularly large or dangerous crowds.
The term kettle is a metaphor, likening the containment of protesters to the containment of heat and steam within a domestic kettle.Its modern English usage may come from "Kessel" – literally a cauldron, or 'kettle' in German – that describes an encircled army about to be annihilated by a superior force. [4]
Crowd membership reflects external assessments and expectations, providing a social context for identity exploration and self-definition as adolescents internalize or reject their crowd identities. Because crowd membership is initially outwardly imposed, it is possible for an adolescent's peers to classify them as belonging to a crowd they may ...
When pushers were first brought in at Shinjuku Station, they were called "passenger arrangement staff" (旅客整理係, ryokaku seiri gakari), and were largely made up of students working part-time; currently, station staff and/or part-time workers fill these roles during morning rush hours on many lines.
The Oxford English Dictionary gives a first use: "OED's earliest evidence for crowdsourcing is from 2006, in the writing of J. Howe." [16] The online dictionary Merriam-Webster defines it as: "the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online ...