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The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry.It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line.
The distance between any two points on the real line is the absolute value of the numerical difference of their coordinates, their absolute difference.Thus if and are two points on the real line, then the distance between them is given by: [1]
The haversine formula determines the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere given their longitudes and latitudes.Important in navigation, it is a special case of a more general formula in spherical trigonometry, the law of haversines, that relates the sides and angles of spherical triangles.
In mathematics, Chebyshev distance (or Tchebychev distance), maximum metric, or L ∞ metric [1] is a metric defined on a real coordinate space where the distance between two points is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension. [2]
The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point and a distribution, introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936. [1] The mathematical details of Mahalanobis distance first appeared in the Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1936. [2]
A board showing distances near Visakhapatnam, India. Distance is a numerical or occasionally qualitative measurement of how far apart objects, points, people, or ideas are. In physics or everyday usage, distance may refer to a physical length or an estimation based on other criteria (e.g. "two counties over").
The L 1 metric was used in regression analysis, as a measure of goodness of fit, in 1757 by Roger Joseph Boscovich. [2] The interpretation of it as a distance between points in a geometric space dates to the late 19th century and the development of non-Euclidean geometries.
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).