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Isotopocule" is also an umbrella term for the more specific terms "isotopologue" and "isotopomer", coined by Jan Kaiser and Thomas Röckmann in 2008. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] References
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Depending on the formula and the symmetry of the structure, there might be several isotopomers of one isotopologue. For example, ethanol has the molecular formula C 2 H 6 O. Mono-deuterated ethanol, C 2 H 5 DO or C 2 H 5 2 HO, is an isotopologue of it. The structural formulas CH 3 −CH 2 −O−D and CH 2 D−CH 2 −O−H are two isotopomers ...
Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".
A nuclide is a species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example, carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical properties, whereas the isotope concept (grouping all atoms of each element) emphasizes chemical over nuclear.
Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is varied. The largest variety is used in research (e.g. in chemistry where atoms of "marker" nuclide are used to figure out reaction mechanisms).
A carbon-13 label was used to determine the mechanism in the 1,2- to 1,3-didehydrobenzene conversion of the phenyl substituted aryne precursor 1 to acenaphthylene. [3]An isotopic tracer, (also "isotopic marker" or "isotopic label"), is used in chemistry and biochemistry to help understand chemical reactions and interactions.
Archaeological materials, such as bone, organic residues, hair, or sea shells, can serve as substrates for isotopic analysis. Carbon, nitrogen and zinc isotope ratios are used to investigate the diets of past people; these isotopic systems can be used with others, such as strontium or oxygen, to answer questions about population movements and cultural interactions, such as trade.