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For example, suppose P(L = red) = 0.2, P(L = yellow) = 0.1, and P(L = green) = 0.7. Multiplying each column in the conditional distribution by the probability of that column occurring results in the joint probability distribution of H and L, given in the central 2×3 block of entries. (Note that the cells in this 2×3 block add up to 1).
Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. It states that the reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water.
Educational equity, also known as equity in education, is a measure of equity in education. [1] Educational equity depends on two main factors. The first is distributive justice, which implies that factors specific to one's personal conditions should not interfere with the potential of academic success.
Educational inequalities continue despite the increased spending. They do not have consistent learning outcomes across the upazilas. In almost 2/3 of upazilas, the dropout rate is over 30 percent. [126] They have difficulty acquiring quality teachers and 97 percent of preprimary and primary students are in overcrowded classrooms. [126]
Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term that has been used widely in Europe and was first used in France in the late 20th century. [ 1 ]
Multiple choice questions lend themselves to the development of objective assessment items, but without author training, questions can be subjective in nature. Because this style of test does not require a teacher to interpret answers, test-takers are graded purely on their selections, creating a lower likelihood of teacher bias in the results. [8]
"Marginalisation or -marginalization- (US) refers in general to the overt or subvert acts and trends within societies whereby those perceived as lacking function or desirable traits are killed or otherwise excluded from existing systems of protectionism, thereby limiting their means for survival.
This is caused by the prospect of facing a steep demand curve slope, prompting the firm to mark-up the price beyond its marginal costs. [2] Double marginalization is clearly negative from a welfare point of view, as the double markup induces a deadweight loss , because the retail price is higher than the optimal monopoly price a vertically ...