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February 18, 1793: An Act for enrolling and licensing ships or vessels to be employed in the coasting trade and fisheries, and for regulating the same, Sess. 2, ch. 8, 1 Stat. 305; March 2, 1793: Judiciary Act of 1793, Sess. 2, ch. 22, 1 Stat. 333 (including Anti-Injunction Act)
The federal regulation of Indian affairs in the United States first included development of the position of Indian agent in the Nonintercourse Act of 1793, a revision of the original 1790 law. This required land sales by or from Indians to be federally licensed and permitted.
The Act was passed by the House of Representatives on February 4, 1793, by a vote of 48–7, with 14 abstaining. [2] The "Annals of Congress" state that the law was approved on February 12, 1793. [3] The Act was written amidst a controversy about a free black man named John Davis who was kidnapped from Pennsylvania and brought to Virginia.
The federal government was vested with similar power to enforce the anti-alienation provisions of the Allotment Acts. [32] Conversely, individual Indians have no standing under the Act. [33] This is true even if individual plaintiffs attempt the certify a class of all tribal members; the tribe itself must sue. [34]
The federal government paid relatively little attention however to the territory, increasing its residents' desire for full statehood and admittance to the federal Union. Along with Blount, a number of individuals who played prominent roles in early Tennessee history served in the old Southwest Territory's administration.
In the majority opinion, Marshall held that a federal licensing law expressed Congress's intent to regulate steamboat commerce and that it invalidated a New York law creating a steamboat monopoly. [ 15 ] : 339 In contrast, in Johnson's concurring opinion, he uncompromisingly argued that it was the federal government's exclusive power regardless ...
Licensing standards can differ widely from state to state, and the fields and occupations which states require to be licensed may differ widely. Some states may require a written examination for a license, while others may require several years of field experience as a student or intern, or both.
Mark A. Smith. Andrew Brown's "Earnest Endeavor": The "Federal Gazette'"s Role in Philadelphia's Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 120, No. 4 (October 1996), pp. 321–342. Albrecht Koschnik. The Democratic Societies of Philadelphia and the Limits of the American Public Sphere, c. 1793–1795.