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Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).
Even though object-oriented seems like a superset of object-based, they are used as mutually exclusive alternatives, rather than overlapping. [citation needed] Examples of strictly object-based languages – supporting an object feature but not inheritance or subtyping – are early versions of Ada, [2] Visual Basic 6 (VB6), and Fortran 90.
Identity (object-oriented programming) IDispatch; Immutable interface; Indexer (programming) Information hiding; Inheritance (object-oriented programming) Instance variable; Inter-Language Unification; Interface (computing) Interface inheritance; Interface segregation principle; Is-a; IUnknown
private, a way of encapsulation in object-oriented programming; Programming paradigm; protected, a way of encapsulation in object-oriented programming; Protocol; Prototype pattern; Prototype-based programming; public, a way of encapsulation in object-oriented programming; Pure polymorphism; Pure virtual function (also called pure virtual method)
The listed languages are designed with varying degrees of OOP support. Some are highly focused in OOP while others support multiple paradigms including OOP. [1] For example, C++ is a multi-paradigm language including OOP; [2] however, it is less object-oriented than other languages such as Python [3] and Ruby. [4]
The various object-oriented programming languages enforce member accessibility and visibility to various degrees, and depending on the language's type system and compilation policies, enforced at either compile time or runtime. For example, the Java language does not allow client code that accesses the private data of a class to compile. [12]
Object-Oriented Software Construction, also called OOSC, is a book by Bertrand Meyer, widely considered a foundational text of object-oriented programming. [ citation needed ] The first edition was published in 1988; the second edition, extensively revised and expanded (more than 1300 pages), in 1997.
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction